Evaluation of indirect Hemagglutination (HI) and Modified Agglutination (MAT) reactions in the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in bovine meat exudates
Keywords:
toxoplasmosis, meat exudate, food security, agglutination tests.
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic zoonosis with a wide worldwide distribution caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which is considered one of the most successful protozoa on the planet, since it can infect a third of the world population. Among the forms of transmission, consumption of undercooked meat has been considered as a risk factor for the acquisition of this zoonosis. An alternative approach to toxoplasmosis control by beef ingestion could be the serological diagnosis in cattle, since seropositives animals harbor tissue cysts. However, the use of serum for this evaluation is not always feasible due to the difficulty of blood collection during slaughter and its absence in commercial beef cuts. Meat exudate is an alternative for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies in commercial beef cuts, which was the propose of this study to evaluate the performance of Indirect Hemagglutination (HI) and Agglutination Modified (MAT) tests compared to ELISA using meat exudates. This study showed that the agglutination tests accuracy was not viable due to low sensitivity and specificity indexes when compared to ELISA. These data demonstrate the importance of choosing accurate tests such as ELISA for application in quality control and safety of commercial beef cuts.References
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2. Djurković-Djaković O, Dupouy-Camet J, Giessen JV, Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis: overview from a One Health perspective. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2019;15:e00054. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. fawpar.2019.e00054
3. Verma SK, Sweeny AR, Lovallo MJ, Calero-Bernal R, Kwok OC, Jiang T et al. Seroprevalence, isolation and co-infection of multiple Toxoplasma gondii strains in individual bobcats (Lynx rufus) from Mississippi, USA. Int J Parasitol. 2017;47(5):297-
303. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.12.007
4. Hill DE, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8(10):634–40. https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j. 1469-0691.2002.00485.x
5. Kijlstra A, Jongert E. Control of the risk of human toxoplasmosis transmitted by meat. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38(12):1359-70.https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. ijpara.2008.06.002
6. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30(12-13):1217-58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00124-7
7. McAllister MM. A decade of discoveries in veterinary protozoology changes our concept of “subclinical” toxoplasmosis. Vet Parasitol. 2005;132:241-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.003
8. Tenter AM. Toxoplasma gondii in animals used for human consumption. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104(2):364-9. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1590/s0074-02762009000200033
9. Dubey JP, Lindsay DS, Speer CA. Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts. Clin Microbiol Rev.1998;11(2):267–99.
10. Dubey JP, Thulliez P. Persistence of tissue cysts in edible tissues of cattle fed Toxoplasma gondii oocysts. Am J Vet Res. 1993;54(2):270-3.
11. Schlüter D, Däubener W, Schares G, Groß U, Pleyer U, Lüder C. Animals are key to human toxoplasmosis. Int J Med Microbiol. 2014;304(7):917-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.09.002
12. Marciano MAM. Pesquisa de IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii em exsudato cárneo para monitoramento da qualidade da carne bovina. [dissertação de mestrado]. São Paulo (SP): Universidade de São Paulo; 2013.[resumo]. Disponível em: http://www.imt.usp.br/wp-content/uploads/bib/Catalogo_Dis_Tes_IMTSP_v1.pdf
13. Mecca JN, Meireles LR, de Andrade Jr HF. Quality control of Toxoplama gondii in meat packages: standardization of an ELISA test and its use for detection in rabbit meat cuts. Meat Sci. 2011;88(3):584–
9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.01.016
14. Desmonts G, Remington JS. Direct agglutination test for diagnosis of Toxoplasma infection: method for increasing sensitivity and specificity. J Clin Microbiol. 1980;11(6):562–8. https://dx.doi. org/ 10.1128/JCM.11.6.562-568.1980
15. Stelzer S, Basso W, Benavides J, Ortega-Mora LM, Maksimov P, Gethmann J et al. Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in farm animals: risk factors and economic impact. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2019;15:e00037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00037
16. Dubey JP. Isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from a naturally infected beef cow. J Parasitol. 1992;78(1):151-3.
Published
2019-03-29
How to Cite
Moraes MARCIANO, M. A., Franco de ANDRADE JUNIOR, H., & MEIRELES, L. R. (2019). Evaluation of indirect Hemagglutination (HI) and Modified Agglutination (MAT) reactions in the detection of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in bovine meat exudates. Revista Do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, 78(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.18241/rial.v78i1.34241
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