Pharmacognostic Characterization of Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg Myrtaceae

Resumo

Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg, a species thatbelongs to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known asgabiroba. Several therapeutic properties are attributed tothe various Campomanesia species, such as treatingdiarrhea, fever, cystitis and urethritis. This project aims atcontributing through a chemical and pharmacological studyof lyophilized hydrated alcohol extract and the vegetabledrug made from leaves. The pharmacological and botanicalfeatures of the vegetable drug are indicated in order to helpwith the diagnosis. Main macroscopic features of thedehydrated leaves include: wavy edges, translucent bladespots, venation type, blade and leafstalk forms and scent.The main anatomical features are: dorsiventral mesophyll;large idoblasts containing prismatic crystal in the palisadeparenchyma; predominance of anomocytic stomata in thehypostomatic leaves, globose segregating cavity associatedto both surfaces, covered by cells organized in pairs wherethe commissure wall appears straight, sinuous, or in zigzag;bicollateral vascular bundle and system organized in an openarch, prismatic crystals in the phloem region.Photomicographs illustrate the study. The phytochemicalscreening of the vegetable drug and the lyophilized extract(EHA) indicated the presence of essential oil, flavonoids,tannins and saponins. The essential oil content in the freshleaves was 0.11%. Linalol (29%) and globulol (20%) wereidentified as the main oil components. Tannin content was2.86% in the drug and 8.49% in the EHA extract. The saponincontent was 6.27% in the drug and 16% in the EHA extract.The extract displayed a high antioxidant activity in the modelof malonyl dialdehyde production measure with Q1/2= 0,2891ìg/mL. In the copper sulfate-induced lipoperoxydationinhibition assay the EHA extract significantly reduced Lagtime and Peak-time for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)oxidability. The EHA extract displayed antiulceration activityin the acute induction model by hydrochloric acid in ethanol,with a 62% protection percentage. The EHA extract displayedantibacterial activity with: CMI >1,000 and <500 mg/mLrelative to Staphylococcus aureus; CMI <500 and >100 mg/mL for Salmonella cholerasuis and CMI <1.000 and >500mg/mL regarding Candida albicans. The EHA extractdisplayed cytotoxic activity in the artemias lethality trial,with DL50 of 0,503 mg/mL. The EHA extract displayed notoxicity in the acute toxicity trial in the 5g/kilo oral dosageper animal body weight.